In every region, health systems are coming to terms with a growing challenge: the industry built to safeguard human health is also contributing to the planet’s decline. As climate change drives more heat-related illnesses, respiratory diseases, and food insecurity, hospitals and pharmaceutical companies are realizing that their own operations add significantly to the problem.

The healthcare sector’s purpose is to save lives, yet its activities from energy-hungry facilities to disposable medical supplies, create emissions that harm the very people it serves. If global healthcare were a nation, it would rank as the fifth-largest emitter of greenhouse gases. Collectively, the sector accounts for around 4.6 to 5 percent of global emissions, more than aviation or shipping combined. In the United States, hospitals and clinics alone contribute roughly 8.5 percent of national emissions, with about 80 percent of that footprint hidden in the supply chains behind pharmaceuticals, equipment, and food.

💡Healthcare contributes 4.6–5% of global CO₂ emissions, enough to make it the fifth-largest emitter if it were a country.

We must act quickly on climate. Our response to the pandemic has shown we can move quickly,” says David Entwistle, President and CEO of Stanford Health Care. His words capture a growing sense of urgency across the industry as hospitals, health systems, and suppliers begin to align environmental goals with patient outcomes, setting measurable targets to cut carbon and waste.

Pledges and Targets: An Industry Mobilizing for Change

Commitment is spreading quickly. In the United States, the Health Sector Climate Pledge calls on organizations to cut emissions in half by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050. Hundreds of hospitals and medical schools have already joined, including some of the nation’s largest networks. Many medical associations now frame climate action as a matter of ethics, not only policy.

The United Kingdom’s National Health Service (NHS) has gone even further, becoming the first national health system to commit to net zero by 2040 for its own operations and 2045 for its supply chain. The NHS now factors sustainability into everything from procurement and fleet management to pharmaceuticals and food services. “The climate emergency is also a health emergency,” said former NHS chief Sir Simon Stevens, reflecting the growing belief that environmental responsibility is part of patient care.

Governments are stepping up too. In the U.S., the Department of Health and Human Services created the Office of Climate Change and Health Equity to help hospitals measure, report, and reduce emissions. Similar frameworks have emerged across Europe and Asia, linking health-system funding with measurable climate performance and resilience targets.

Building Greener Hospitals

Much of healthcare’s progress begins with the buildings themselves. Energy efficiency is one of the most immediate opportunities. Upgrading lighting, ventilation, and heating systems can quickly lower energy use without affecting patient services.

Stanford Health Care has built LEED certified hospitals, installed solar arrays, and electrified parts of its fleet. Kaiser Permanente, now seen as a global leader, became the first U.S. health system certified carbon neutral in 2020. Its Santa Rosa facility is the country’s first net-zero-energy medical office, powered by solar and battery storage. Across Kaiser’s network, over 100 facilities now draw part or all of their power from renewables, while microgrids keep operations running during blackouts.

The organization has also reduced its use of high-impact anesthetic gases by more than 70 percent, proving that even small operational choices can have large climate benefits.

In Asia, the transformation is gathering pace. Shanghai’s Huashan Hospital cut emissions by several thousand tons annually after retrofitting lighting and HVAC systems and installing rooftop solar. Dozens of hospitals across China are following similar paths, integrating smart energy controls and heat pumps that reduce both emissions and utility bills.

Hospitals are ralso thinking about waste. Operating rooms, historically among the most resource-intensive spaces, are now targets for “zero waste” programs. These initiatives recycle surgical metals, reprocess single-use devices, and phase out high-emission anesthetics. Even inhalers long overlooked contributors to emissions are being redesigned with low-carbon propellants.

Kaiser Permanente’s statement reinforces this mindset: “We need to do more than talk about the connections between climate change and health. … This starts by taking a hard look at the environmental impact of our hospitals, clinics, and facilities, and reimagining how we build our facilities, consume energy, purchase supplies, and manage waste.”

Digital Health to Green Pharma

Sustainability now extends beyond buildings to how care itself is delivered. Telemedicine and remote monitoring have reduced the need for patient travel, particularly in rural regions. Moving millions of outpatient appointments online can eliminate billions of vehicle miles each year, a direct cut to emissions while improving convenience and access.

Digital platforms are also streamlining hospital operations. Predictive maintenance, paperless recordkeeping, and AI-assisted diagnostics are reducing waste and energy use. In parallel, pharmaceutical innovation is pivoting toward greener production using fewer solvents, recycling water, and optimizing logistics to cut transport emissions.

💡Around 70–80% of healthcare’s total carbon footprint sits in its supply chain from pharmaceuticals and food to equipment manufacturing, making supplier engagement one of the sector’s most powerful levers for change.

Medical device manufacturers are following suit. Many MRI machines and ventilators now include energy-saving modes, while reusable surgical kits and refillable packaging are making a comeback. These design changes are subtle but add up to major lifecycle savings.

Robert Metzke, Global Head of Sustainability at Philips: “Caring for people and caring for the planet are two sides of the same coin. Sustainability needs to become part of how care is delivered, not an afterthought.”

Procurement policies are being rewritten to reflect this mindset. Hospitals are starting to consider environmental performance alongside cost and clinical quality. Green procurement once a niche practice is quickly becoming a standard requirement. By tracking emissions across their supply chains, health systems can identify “hotspots” and work with suppliers to reduce them.

Leadership and Collaboration

This transformation depends on leadership and collaboration. Many CEOs and sustainability heads are placing climate commitments at the center of their organizational missions. Kaiser Permanente’s Greg Adams has said that climate change “is directly tied to the purpose of healthcare.” Providence’s Dr. Hochman has urged industry peers to collaborate rather than compete, recognizing that systemic change requires shared tools and transparency.

Networks like the Global Green and Healthy Hospitals initiative now connect more than 1,500 institutions in over 80 countries, creating a platform for shared learning and benchmarking. In the U.S., partnerships such as Practice Greenhealth and the Health Care Climate Council help hospitals exchange strategies and data on renewable energy, waste reduction, and supply chain reforms.

Public policy is reinforcing these efforts. Clean energy tax incentives are encouraging hospitals to invest in renewables and efficiency upgrades, while state regulations increasingly require carbon reporting. Investors and insurers are also asking tougher questions about environmental risks, pushing ESG accountability deeper into the sector’s financial structure.

Healthcare’s leadership shift is equally visible in culture. Sustainability officers now sit alongside clinical and financial leaders at the decision-making table. Medical schools are integrating climate and health into their curricula. And professional bodies from anesthesiology to nursing are publishing their own decarbonization guidelines.

Measuring Progress and Facing Challenges

The results are encouraging but uneven. Hospitals that have embraced energy efficiency and waste management are reporting strong returns. Providence Health, for example, has cut operational emissions by over 11 percent while saving roughly $11 million each year. Networks across North America and Europe have collectively prevented hundreds of thousands of tons of carbon from entering the atmosphere by electrifying fleets, modernizing lighting, and rethinking procurement.

At the same time, the conversation around climate resilience is maturing. Nearly half of hospital executives now view climate change as a material business risk, a sharp increase from only a few years ago. For many, sustainability is now part of risk management and patient safety, not just public relations.

In terms of challenges, Healthcare’s supply chains are vast and divided, spanning pharmaceuticals, food services, and complex equipment. Many suppliers still lack standardized emissions data. Low-carbon alternatives for critical materials can be costly or hard to source. Smaller hospitals, particularly in emerging economies, often face financial constraints that limit investment in clean technologies.

Equity remains a defining issue. Climate action must complement, not compromise, access to care. Encouragingly, many of the most ambitious sustainability initiatives like community solar projects and food recovery programs are being implemented in hospitals serving vulnerable populations. These projects demonstrate how environmental action can go hand in hand with social impact.

A Prescription for the Planet

There’s a growing recognition that tackling emissions is part of healthcare’s healing mission. Climate-smart healthcare is essentially preventive medicine at a planetary scale. Reducing emissions helps prevent the very illnesses respiratory disease, heart conditions, malnutrition that climate change worsens.

David Entwistle of Stanford Health Care, “Today, climate change is the greatest public health threat we face… It’s clear that climate change and the associated harms to our health will only worsen if the health care sector takes a ‘business as usual’ stance.”

Hospitals are publishing annual sustainability reports. Medical schools are embedding climate literacy into training programs. Policymakers are linking healthcare funding with environmental performance. Together, these actions are shifting the sector’s focus from treating disease to preventing it not just in bodies, but in ecosystems.

Collaboration will remain essential. The healthcare industry is uniquely positioned to drive change: its vast purchasing power, public trust, and scientific credibility make it a natural leader in the low-carbon transition. When healthcare innovates, other sectors often follow.

The Next Chapter in Sustainable Care

The path ahead for global healthcare is complex but full of opportunity. The sector must lower its emissions while demand for services continues to rise, a challenge that will test its creativity, coordination, and courage.

Hospitals are among the world’s biggest employers and energy users. That scale gives them real power to influence industries that supply their food, medicine, and equipment. By investing in clean energy, efficient buildings, and responsible sourcing, healthcare can drive change far beyond its own walls.

The focus now needs to shift from ambition to consistent action. Setting net-zero goals is no longer enough; progress will be defined by implementation, transparency, and measurable outcomes. Hospitals that move early are already seeing the benefits from lower energy costs to improved staff engagement and stronger community trust.

Ultimately, this transition is about staying true to the sector’s purpose. Healthcare exists to protect life, and that responsibility must include the planet that sustains it. Each renewable-powered hospital, each waste-free operating room, and each low-carbon supply chain brings the system closer to that goal.

The question “Can healthcare heal its own climate impact?” is becoming less theoretical every year. With determination, innovation, and collaboration, the answer is increasingly clear: yes and by doing so, healthcare may help restore the very foundation of human well-being.

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