A new peer-reviewed study reports that the pace of human-caused global warming has increased markedly over the past decade, with the rate of temperature rise nearly doubling compared to late twentieth century trends. The findings suggest that, if current rates persist, the Paris Agreement’s 1.5C long-term warming threshold could be crossed before the end of this decade.

The research, published in Geophysical Research Letters, concludes that global temperatures have risen at approximately 0.35C per decade since 2015. This compares with an average warming rate of about 0.2C per decade observed from the 1970s through the mid-2010s.

Isolating the Human Signal

To assess whether warming is accelerating, the authors removed short-term natural influences from the global temperature record. These include the El Niño Southern Oscillation, volcanic eruptions and solar variability, all of which can temporarily amplify or dampen surface temperatures.

Using a statistical technique previously applied in earlier research, the study filtered out these factors from five major global temperature datasets, including those produced by NASA, NOAA, the Met Office Hadley Centre and University of East Anglia, Berkeley Earth and Copernicus ERA5.

After adjusting for natural variability, the long-term warming signal became clearer. While 2023 and 2024 remained the warmest years on record even after adjustment, their extreme values were slightly moderated once El Niño effects were removed. The underlying trend, however, showed a consistent acceleration across all five datasets.

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Testing for Acceleration

The authors applied two independent statistical approaches to test whether the warming trend has accelerated in a statistically significant way.

The first approach fitted a quadratic trend to the temperature record to detect curvature in the long-term trajectory. The second identified a breakpoint in the time series when the rate of warming changed, with most datasets placing this shift between early 2013 and early 2014.

Both methods found acceleration with more than 98 percent statistical confidence once natural variability was removed. In contrast, when applied to unadjusted data, the same tests did not consistently reach the 95 percent confidence threshold. This underscores how short-term climate variability can obscure structural shifts in long-term warming rates.

Since 2013 to 2014, warming rates across the five datasets range from 0.34C to 0.42C per decade. This represents the fastest sustained warming observed in the instrumental record.

Implications for the 1.5C Threshold

The Paris Agreement defines its 1.5C goal in terms of long-term average warming, typically interpreted over a 20-year period. A single year above 1.5C does not constitute a breach. However, the study estimates when the rolling 20-year average could exceed that level if current rates continue.

Depending on the dataset, the projected midpoint of a 20-year period exceeding 1.5C falls between 2026 and 2029. ERA5 suggests the earliest potential crossing in 2026, while HadCRUT points toward 2029. NASA, NOAA and Berkeley Earth cluster around 2028.

These projections assume that the current acceleration persists. The authors acknowledge that future rates could change depending on emissions trajectories and internal climate variability.

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Context Within Broader Research

Other recent analyses estimate slightly lower recent warming rates, around 0.27C per decade over the past decade. However, there is broad agreement that warming has intensified relative to earlier decades.

Some researchers caution that the observed acceleration may not necessarily represent a permanent shift. Continued observation will be required to determine whether the higher rate reflects structural changes in radiative forcing, feedback mechanisms or temporary amplification from internal climate variability.

Independent indicators support the conclusion that the climate system is accumulating energy at an increasing pace. Ocean heat content has risen sharply in recent years, and measurements of the Earth’s energy imbalance show sustained increases in net incoming energy.

A Structural Shift in the Warming Trend

The study’s central conclusion is not solely about the magnitude of warming, but about the change in its trajectory. The acceleration signal appears consistently across independent datasets once natural noise is filtered out.

If sustained, a warming rate above 0.3C per decade significantly narrows the remaining carbon budget consistent with limiting long-term warming to 1.5C. Under such conditions, the timeline for avoiding prolonged exceedance becomes substantially shorter.

The findings contribute to an evolving scientific discussion about whether the climate system has entered a phase of faster temperature increase. While uncertainties remain, the statistical evidence presented indicates that the underlying human-driven warming trend has strengthened over the past decade.

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