Speculation about the United States acquiring Greenland has resurfaced in Washington, with the White House describing the idea as an active discussion, according to Reuters. While the political debate remains hypothetical, the renewed attention has sharpened interest in Greenland’s long-term energy plans, particularly among Bitcoin miners seeking large volumes of low-cost, low-carbon power.

For the mining sector, the relevant timeline is not diplomacy but infrastructure. Greenland’s power expansion plans, especially around hydropower and wind, define how much compute could realistically be deployed on the island over the next decade.

Hydropower Sets the First Ceiling for Mining Capacity

Greenland’s government has confirmed plans to launch a public tender in the second half of 2026 for two major hydropower sites intended for industrial use, Tasersiaq and Tarsartuup Tasersua. According to official disclosures, the two projects together could generate more than 9,500 gigawatt-hours of electricity annually.

Translating that energy into Bitcoin mining capacity is a matter of efficiency assumptions. Using current-generation hardware benchmarks and accounting for cooling and overhead, one gigawatt of average power would support roughly 45 to 65 exahash per second, depending on fleet efficiency. At today’s global network size, that would equate to roughly 4 to 6 percent of total Bitcoin hashrate, assuming full utilization and no further global growth.

That scale would be meaningful but not dominant, and it would only be achievable once new generation is built and contracted under long-term industrial power agreements.

Limits of Today’s Grid and the Role of “Behind-the-Meter” Power

Greenland’s existing power system is fragmented. There is no national grid, and most generation serves local settlements. State utility Nukissiorfiit reports just over 90 megawatts of installed hydropower capacity across its systems.

At that scale, Bitcoin mining is limited to pilot projects that co-locate directly with generation assets, using surplus or stranded energy. Aggregating 5 to 25 megawatts near existing plants could support small-scale mining operations in the sub-2 exahash range, enough for experimentation but not enough to materially influence the global network.

Retail electricity prices also make conventional grid purchases uneconomic for mining, reinforcing the need for bespoke industrial contracts tied to new capacity.

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Nuuk’s Expansion and the Path to Mid-Scale Mining

A more substantial opportunity lies in the planned expansion of the Buksefjord hydropower plant near Nuuk. The project would increase capacity from roughly 45 megawatts to around 120 megawatts, with construction expected to begin in 2026 and commissioning targeted for the early 2030s.

If a portion of that output were allocated to mining, it could support several exahash of compute. However, that capacity will also be contested by urban growth, electrification, and public demand, limiting how much could realistically be dedicated to data centers or mining facilities.

Trump-Linked Mining Capital and Strategic Interest

Interest in Greenland’s energy potential has intensified as Trump-affiliated mining ventures have taken shape. Hut 8’s partnership with Eric Trump to form American Bitcoin has already created one of the largest mining fleets in North America, with reported hashrate in the tens of exahash range.

At current efficiencies, a fleet of that size requires several hundred megawatts of continuous power. In that context, Greenland’s proposed gigawatt-scale hydropower developments could theoretically support operations comparable to or larger than existing Trump-linked mining ventures, provided infrastructure, transmission, and political conditions aligned.

Even in such scenarios, timelines remain long. Large hydro projects require years of construction, and mining operations depend on logistics, data connectivity, and steady access to hardware.

Wind Energy Changes the Theoretical Upper Bound

Hydropower defines what is plausible in the medium term, but wind reshapes the long-term theoretical ceiling. A peer-reviewed systems study indexed on ScienceDirect estimates Greenland’s onshore wind potential at more than 300 gigawatts of installed capacity, assuming partial use of ice-free land. On an energy basis, that could translate into roughly 170 gigawatts of average generation.

If miners could act as flexible loads absorbing variable output, that level of energy would exceed today’s entire Bitcoin network multiple times over. In pure energy terms, Greenland could theoretically host hashing capacity far beyond current global levels.

However, this remains a physics-based upper bound, not a buildable plan. Variable wind output would require massive overbuild, storage, curtailment, and transmission infrastructure to support anything approaching continuous operation.

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Economics, Infrastructure, and Reality Checks

Scaling wind or hydro to such levels would involve hundreds of billions of dollars in turbines, transmission, ports, roads, and data infrastructure, before accounting for the cost of millions of mining machines. Arctic conditions would add further cost and complexity.

Even global agencies such as International Energy Agency have cautioned that rising electricity demand from AI and data centers will intensify competition for clean, firm power, raising the opportunity cost of dedicating long-duration renewable energy solely to Bitcoin mining.

Why Greenland Still Matters

Despite the caveats, Greenland’s energy profile highlights a broader truth for Bitcoin mining. Vast pools of underutilized renewable energy exist globally, but political boundaries, grid design, and capital constraints determine what can actually be deployed.

If Greenland were ever treated as a large-scale energy development zone rather than a collection of isolated local systems, its renewable ceiling would shift dramatically. In that scenario, Bitcoin mining would be only one of several competing uses, alongside AI compute, industrial processing, and export-oriented energy projects.

For now, Greenland’s 2026 hydropower tender will set the practical benchmark. Anything beyond that remains a long-term, highly speculative exercise, shaped as much by geopolitics as by joules per terahash.

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