In a move likely to reshape the European Union’s green finance landscape, the EU’s General Court has upheld the European Commission’s decision to classify nuclear energy and fossil gas as potentially sustainable under the EU Taxonomy. The ruling rejects a legal challenge brought by Austria, which had sought to exclude both energy sources from the official classification of green economic activities.

Climate Contribution at the Core of the Verdict

The court concluded that under certain conditions, both nuclear power and fossil gas can contribute meaningfully to climate change mitigation and adaptation. This judgment effectively affirms the Commission’s authority to include these energy sources in the taxonomy, based on their potential to support the EU’s long-term climate objectives while maintaining energy stability across member states.

What Is the EU Taxonomy and Why It Matters?

Introduced as part of the EU’s broader Action Plan on Sustainable Finance, the EU Taxonomy is designed to direct private and public investments toward economic activities that are environmentally sustainable. To qualify, a project must make a substantial contribution to at least one of six environmental goals, such as climate mitigation or biodiversity protection, without significantly harming the others. The taxonomy is already influencing capital markets, sustainability reporting, and ESG disclosure across Europe.

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The Long-Running Debate Over Gas and Nuclear

When the taxonomy regulation came into force in early 2022, it left the status of gas and nuclear unresolved. The European Commission later introduced a Delegated Act outlining specific technical criteria for their conditional inclusion. Despite pushback from several EU countries and environmental groups, a majority of EU Parliament members supported the decision to move forward with the proposal.

Austria’s Legal Challenge Fails to Gain Traction

In October 2022, Austria filed a formal legal complaint with the General Court, arguing that the inclusion of gas and nuclear energy distorted the taxonomy’s credibility and violated environmental safeguards. However, the court dismissed the case, ruling that the European Commission acted within its legal mandate and followed appropriate procedures.

Court’s Reasoning on Nuclear Power

On nuclear energy, the court pointed to its minimal greenhouse gas emissions and noted that currently there are no widely available, cost-effective alternatives at the scale needed to meet Europe’s energy demands. It also acknowledged that the Commission had adequately considered the long-term safety risks associated with nuclear operations and waste management.

Fossil Gas Allowed as a Transitional Option

The court accepted the Commission’s approach of allowing fossil gas as a transitional fuel under strict emission-reduction conditions. It viewed the inclusion as part of a phased pathway to net zero, ensuring energy security while cleaner alternatives continue to scale. The decision underscores a pragmatic stance: fossil gas may not be green forever, but under current circumstances, it can serve as a bridge.

Political Reactions and Environmental Concerns

Leonore Gewessler, Austria’s former climate minister and newly appointed leader of the Green Party, criticized the ruling as a dangerous precedent. She warned that the credibility of the taxonomy is now at risk, stating that labeling nuclear and gas as green sends a “fatal signal” to investors and the public who rely on the taxonomy as a gold standard for sustainable finance.

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A Turning Point for Europe’s Climate Strategy

The court’s ruling marks a pivotal moment in Europe’s green transition. While it provides regulatory clarity for investors and developers of gas and nuclear projects, it also raises difficult questions about what truly qualifies as sustainable. With environmental groups warning of reputational damage and greenwashing, the EU now faces the challenge of defending its taxonomy’s integrity amid a shifting energy and geopolitical landscape.

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