In a sweeping reversal of state-driven climate accountability measures, former U.S. President Donald Trump has signed a new executive order titled “Protecting American Energy from State Overreach,” aiming to block state laws that fine fossil fuel companies for their greenhouse gas emissions.

Framed as part of Trump’s broader pledge to “unleash American energy,” the order takes direct aim at recent legislation like New York’s Climate Change Superfund Act. The Act would force oil and gas companies to pay their share of the billions needed to prepare the state for climate impacts—an estimated $75 billion by 2050. Vermont’s similar initiatives and California’s cap-and-trade system were also cited as targets.

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At the center of this executive order is a directive to the U.S. Attorney General: review and challenge any state or local law that regulates emissions, climate action, or environmental, social, and governance (ESG) policies. The language explicitly prioritizes dismantling policies tied to “environmental justice,” “greenhouse gas emissions,” and ESG-related mandates, branding them as unconstitutional burdens on American energy producers.

Trump labeled New York’s policy a “climate change extortion law” and doubled down on rhetoric that pits fossil fuel regulation against national economic growth. “These State laws and policies are fundamentally irreconcilable with my Administration’s objective to unleash American energy. They should not stand,” the order reads.

However, critics argue this move ignores the economic and environmental realities of climate resilience planning and could derail state-level innovation in sustainable infrastructure and corporate accountability. The decision arrives amid rising global momentum for polluter-pays principles and more stringent ESG regulations.

With this executive order, Trump sends a clear signal: fossil fuel accountability is off the table under a future Trump administration. But for climate-forward states like New York and California, the legal and political battles are only just beginning.

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