New York City Comptroller Brad Lander has intensified a long-running debate over climate accountability in public investment by recommending that the city’s pension funds withdraw a massive forty two billion dollar mandate from BlackRock and terminate mandates held with Fidelity and PanAgora. The guidance stems from what Lander describes as inadequate decarbonization plans submitted by the three managers, falling short of requirements set under the pension system’s net zero roadmap. The recommendation carries substantial weight: New York City’s pension portfolio, valued at more than two hundred ninety four billion dollars, is one of the largest public retirement systems in the United States. The decision marks a pivotal moment for sustainability expectations in asset management and highlights the growing divide between climate-aligned fiduciary oversight and asset manager restraint influenced by federal regulatory interpretations.

The Engagement Divide: How Federal Rules Reshaped Stewardship Strategies

A major source of contention involves the varied responses of large asset managers to new SEC rules finalized during the Trump administration. These rules introduced additional reporting and legal constraints that have led some firms to scale back direct engagement and voting activities related to environmental issues. Lander argues that BlackRock and Fidelity have taken disproportionately restrictive approaches compared with their global peers. Under the revised internal policy cited by the Comptroller’s office, BlackRock has stopped initiating proactive engagement on climate and proxy matters with United States companies in which it holds five percent or more of voting shares. Fidelity has gone further, applying new restrictions on both US and non-US companies to avoid being perceived as influencing corporate climate targets. PanAgora, while not as large as its counterparts, submitted a decarbonization plan that the city concluded lacked substance, clear milestones and a stewardship strategy capable of influencing real-economy emissions. Lander contends that these limitations undermine the role of stewardship within a net-zero investment framework. Without firm-level engagement built into index and active strategies, asset managers cannot effectively influence emissions-intensive companies, many of which sit in the portfolios of large diversified funds.

A Net-Zero Investment Framework That Redefines Fiduciary Duty

The NYC pension funds formally adopted their Net Zero Implementation Plan in 2022, committing to achieve net-zero emissions across investments by 2040. The plan requires all external managers to demonstrate credible decarbonization pathways, including detailed timelines, escalation strategies for engagement, and clear expectations for portfolio companies to set science-based value-chain emissions targets. In addition to reducing financed emissions, the plan emphasises real-economy impact. It requires asset managers to push corporate issuers to adopt transition strategies that reflect operational decarbonization, not simply adjustments in portfolio composition. The pension funds outlined a June 2025 deadline for all managers to submit their net-zero plans. In his latest update, Lander noted that forty six of forty nine public markets managers met the requirements. The remaining three, he said, lacked the ambition and clarity needed to protect the long-term value of pension assets in a world increasingly exposed to climate-driven financial risks. The recommendation to rebid BlackRock’s public equities index mandate, worth more than forty two billion dollars, is one of the most consequential actions taken by a US public pension fund in response to perceived climate misalignment. It sets a potential precedent for other institutional investors evaluating whether stewardship limitations introduced by federal rulemaking undermine long-term fiduciary goals.

Read more: US Pension Funds Push Back Against Major Asset Managers Over Weak Climate Strategies

A Broader Landscape of Climatic and Political Crosscurrents

BlackRock’s response to the recommendation reflects growing tension in the US financial sector over how climate considerations intersect with political narratives. In its letter to Lander, the firm argued that his statements contribute to the politicization of public pension decisions, claiming that such actions risk undermining the retirement security of municipal workers. The company highlighted its Climate and Decarbonization Stewardship program, which is specifically designed for clients with explicit decarbonization objectives, and noted that it had repeatedly discussed the program with the Bureau of Asset Management. BlackRock also reiterated that any mandate change requires approval from the pension boards, the Bureau of Asset Management and other oversight bodies. The firm framed itself as committed to supporting long-term returns for New York’s public servants, while also subtly reminding Lander of its longstanding ties to the city, where it was founded and where it continues to employ a substantial workforce. The exchange reflects a shifting national landscape in which climate investing has become entangled with state and federal politics. Several US states have taken formal positions either mandating climate-aligned investment strategies or restricting the use of environmental factors altogether. New York City’s stance sits at the leading edge of the climate-aligned camp, while other jurisdictions have moved in the opposite direction, creating uneven regulatory expectations for national firms like BlackRock and Fidelity.

Why Stewards Matter: The Growing Importance of Corporate Influence in Decarbonization

A central feature of Lander’s argument is that asset managers play a crucial role in shaping corporate behaviour. Major public companies report to shareholders, and the largest shareholders are often index managers like BlackRock, making stewardship and proxy voting powerful mechanisms for influencing corporate transition plans. The Comptroller’s office has stated that its goal is not simply to clean its portfolio of high-emission firms, but to use its financial influence to support real-world emissions reductions. Under this philosophy, disengaging from proxy voting or restricting climate-related dialogue with portfolio companies weakens the entire decarbonization strategy. This reasoning explains why the pension system accepted forty six managers’ net-zero plans and rejected three. Many managers demonstrated that they would integrate climate risk into investment decision-making, escalate engagement with unresponsive companies and vote in alignment with climate governance expectations. By contrast, the three firms in question were judged to have limited their ability to influence change at the company level.

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Long-Term Climate Risk and the Imperative of Fiduciary Protection

Lander framed climate change as a systemic risk that touches every part of the global financial system, from insurance markets to commodity supply chains. He argued that a failure to address climate risk in investment portfolios exposes beneficiaries to substantial long-term volatility and asset devaluation. The Net Zero Implementation Plan, he said, is not an optional overlay but a core fiduciary obligation. The fact that nearly every major public markets manager complied with the requirements reinforces the idea that climate alignment is becoming standard practice among institutional investors. The exceptions highlight how internal policies shaped by regulatory pressure and political narratives can place some firms out of step with client expectations.

Implications for the Future of Climate Stewardship in Public Finance

The confrontation between New York City and some of the world’s largest asset managers could influence broader industry norms. Other public pension funds observing the situation may reassess whether their own managers are demonstrating sufficient ambition on climate engagement. Large asset managers may need to revisit the balance between regulatory caution and stewardship expectations to avoid losing mandates from clients who view climate action as essential to long-term financial resilience. For New York City, the next steps involve reviewing alternative index managers capable of meeting the pension system’s climate criteria. The outcome may shape future relationships between public funds and global asset managers, especially as more investors demand clear strategies for real-economy decarbonization.

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