In a dramatic move that could reshape the balance between state and federal climate policy, the White House has issued a new executive order instructing the Department of Justice (DOJ) to challenge state-level climate laws and lawsuits that “burden the production or use of domestic energy”—particularly fossil fuels.

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A Federal Pushback on State-Led Climate Regulation

The order—positioned as a defense of U.S. “energy dominance”—directs federal agencies to scrutinize and potentially dismantle a range of state and municipal policies, including those focused on greenhouse gas emissions, environmental justice frameworks, carbon penalties, and ESG-aligned investment mandates.

“Americans are better off when the United States is energy dominant,” the order states. “These state laws and policies are fundamentally irreconcilable with my Administration’s objective to unleash American energy.”

This sweeping language sets the stage for a clash between federal energy priorities and states that have pursued ambitious decarbonization strategies—many of which align with global climate targets rather than federal resource development goals.

States in the Crosshairs: New York, California, Vermont

The order explicitly calls out New York, Vermont, and California for implementing what it describes as “punitive and ideologically driven” environmental regulations:

New York’s Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act is labeled a form of “climate change extortion,” citing lawsuits that retroactively seek billions from fossil fuel producers.
Vermont is similarly criticized for legislation allowing lawsuits tied to historic carbon emissions and the associated climate damages.
California’s Cap-and-Trade and Low Carbon Fuel Standards (LCFS) are framed as economically exclusionary, with the administration claiming they erect unfair barriers for out-of-state businesses through high-cost carbon credit systems.

According to the executive order, these actions may violate multiple constitutional doctrines, including the Commerce Clause, Supremacy Clause, and principles of federalism, by projecting local regulations onto national or interstate markets.

Department of Justice Ordered to Take Action

The directive calls on the DOJ—via the Attorney General—to:

Identify any state or municipal actions that obstruct federal energy development priorities.
Challenge these measures in court if deemed unconstitutional or federally preempted.
Submit a comprehensive report within 60 days, including legislative or regulatory recommendations.

Special focus areas outlined in the order include:

Carbon pricing schemes and penalties
ESG-related investment mandates or disclosure rules
Delays in permitting or siting of fossil fuel infrastructure
Litigation seeking climate-related damages from energy companies

Industry & Legal Implications: Energy vs. Environment

Legal analysts expect the order to trigger a significant wave of litigation, potentially reversing or stalling several state-led climate enforcement efforts, including pending lawsuits targeting major oil and gas companies for climate damage.

Supporters argue that the executive action will help streamline energy permitting, reduce energy costs, and roll back what they see as activist overreach by a handful of states with outsized influence on national energy outcomes.

Critics, however, view the move as a rollback of state sovereignty and climate accountability, raising concerns that the federal government is now prioritizing fossil fuel dominance over environmental protections and public health.

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