As sustainability becomes a competitive advantage, more companies are advertising their products and services as “green,” “eco-friendly,” or “responsible.” But not all claims are genuine. Many organisations use misleading language, vague statements, or incomplete information tactics widely known as greenwashing.

Greenwashing not only misleads consumers, but also threatens brand credibility, investor trust, and long-term ESG performance. To help organisations communicate more responsibly and help audiences recognise false claims.

1. Vague Claims

Terms like “eco-friendly,” “green,” “sustainable,” or “natural” often lack measurable definitions. When companies use broad language without explaining what it means, it becomes almost impossible to assess real environmental performance.

Clear, specific claims are essential for transparency.

2. Cleaner Image (But Not Cleaner Practices)

A brand may use earthy colours, nature-inspired visuals, recyclable-looking designs, or eco-themed branding to imply sustainability, even when their operations remain harmful.

This tactic creates the illusion of responsibility without real impact.

3. Misleading Visuals

Images of leaves, forests, water droplets, or animals can create a perception of environmental responsibility. But visuals are not evidence. When imagery is used instead of data or actual achievements, it becomes a subtle form of greenwashing.

4. Minor Highlights

Companies often highlight one small sustainable action while ignoring much larger issues. For example, using recyclable packaging while maintaining high emissions or waste generation.

This tactic cherry-picks information to create a skewed perception of sustainability.

Read more: CSO’s Core Responsibilities for Modern Sustainability: The Essential Roles Driving Corporate ESG Success

5. “Best” Assertions Without Proof

Phrases such as “the most sustainable,” “best for the planet,” or “market-leading green solution” are common but unless these claims are backed by recognised standards or certifications, they mislead more than they inform.

Verification is key.

6. Unbelievable Promises

Some companies make claims that sound too good to be true, such as “zero impact,” “100% carbon free,” or “completely waste-free.” These statements oversimplify complex environmental challenges and usually lack scientific evidence.

Real sustainability is rarely absolute.

7. Confusing Jargon

Using complicated terms, technical language, or ambiguous sustainability phrases can confuse consumers. Brands may rely on jargon to appear credible without actually disclosing meaningful information.

Good sustainability communication is clear and understandable.

8. Fake Labels and Unverified Certifications

Some companies invent their own “green” labels, icons, or badges that look official but have no third-party validation. This misleads customers into believing a product has passed recognised sustainability standards.

Only accredited, credible certifications should be used.

9. No Evidence or Supporting Data

If a company makes environmental claims without numbers, proof, or transparent reporting, it is a major red flag. Authentic sustainability requires measurable metrics, lifecycle analysis, or independent auditing.

Without evidence, claims are just marketing.

10. False Claims

The most serious form of greenwashing occurs when companies knowingly provide incorrect information claiming certifications they don’t have, exaggerating positive impact, or misrepresenting their carbon footprint.

False claims damage trust and can lead to regulatory penalties.

The ability to identify greenwashing is essential for consumers, investors, and businesses. Recognising these red flags helps:

Strengthen ESG transparency
Protect stakeholder trust
Reduce reputational and regulatory risks
Encourage honest sustainability communication
Promote genuine environmental improvements

As regulations tighten and sustainability scrutiny grows, organisations must focus on accuracy, evidence, and clarity not marketing hype.

Authentic sustainability requires more than claims. It requires transparency, measurable action, and a commitment to continuous improvement.

Subscribe to our newsletter for more insights, case studies, and ESG intelligence.

Explore ESG Solutions on our marketplace - OneStop ESG Marketplace.

Keep abreast of the top ESG Events on OneStop ESG Events.

OneStop ESG Educate: Your go-to source for top ESG courses and training programs tailored to your needs.

Stay informed with the latest insights on OneStop ESG News.